The Online Learning Experience in Malaysian Public Universities: A Systematic Literature Review

This article systematically explores the online learning experience in Malaysian public universities, synthesizing findings from studies published in the past five years. Utilizing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, this review rigorously identified, selected, and analyzed relevant research to identify key challenges, benefits, and strategies for improving online education while addressing existing research gaps. Challenges highlighted include technical issues, such as limited Internet access and platform usability, pedagogical barriers related to student engagement and assessment methods, and psychological impacts, including stress and isolation. Despite these obstacles, online learning offers notable benefits, including flexibility, convenience, and expanded access to educational resources. Strategies for improvement emphasize blended learning approaches, faculty training programs, and investment in digital infrastructure. The review also critically compares local findings with international studies, revealing not only commonalities in challenges but also unique regional factors specific to the Malaysian context. Crucially, identified gaps in longitudinal studies and a limited focus on inclusivity and equity underscore the urgent need for further, more comprehensive research. This systematic review significantly contributes to evidence-based policy-making and the refinement of pedagogical practices within Malaysian higher education, offering actionable recommendations designed to substantially enhance the online learning experience in Malaysian public universities.